eISSN: 1644-4124
ISSN: 1426-3912
Central European Journal of Immunology
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2/2023
vol. 48
 
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abstract:
Clinical immunology

Phenotypical changes of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in COVID-19 patients: Correlation with disease status

Hosni A. M. Hussein
1
,
Ali A. A. Thabet
2
,
Taha I. A. Mohamed
1
,
Mohamed E. Elnosary
3
,
Ali Sobhy
4
,
Ahmed M. El-Adly
1
,
Ahmed A. Wardany
1
,
Elsayed K. Bakhiet
1
,
Magdy M. Afifi
1
,
Usama M. Abdulraouf
1
,
Samah . M. Fathy
5
,
Noha G. Sayed
6
,
Asmaa M. Zahran
6

  1. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
  2. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
  3. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
  4. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
  5. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
  6. Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Cent Eur J Immunol 2023; 48 (2): 97-110
Online publish date: 2023/07/17
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Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) play a crucial role in the context of viral infections and their associated diseases. The link between HSCs and HPCs and disease status in COVID-19 patients is largely unknown. This study aimed to monitor the kinetics and contributions of HSCs and HPCs in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients and to evaluate their diagnostic performance in differentiating between healthy and COVID-19 patients as well as severe and non-severe cases. Peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected from 48 COVID-19 patients, 16 recovered, and 27 healthy controls and subjected to deep flow cytometric analysis to determine HSCs and progenitor cells. Their diagnostic value and correlation with C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and ferritin levels were determined. The percentages of HSCs and common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) declined significantly, while the percentage of multipotent progenitors (MPPs) increased significantly in COVID-19 patients. There were no significant differences in the percentages of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs) between all groups. Severe COVID-19 patients had a significantly low percentage of HSCs, CMPs, and GMPs compared to non-severe cases. Contrarily, the levels of CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin increased significantly in severe COVID-19 patients. MPPs and CMPs showed excellent diagnostic performance in distinguishing COVID-19 patients from healthy controls and severe from non-severe COVID-19 patients, respectively. Collectively, our study indicated that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are significantly altered by COVID-19 and could be used as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for severe COVID-19.
keywords:

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs)

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